Some Breastfeeding Myths
1. Many women do not produce enough milk.
Not true! The vast majority
of women produce more than enough milk. Indeed, an overabundance of
milk is common. Most babies that gain too slowly, or lose weight, do so not
because the mother does not have enough milk, but because the baby does not
get the milk that the mother has. The usual reason that the baby does not get
the milk that is available is that he is poorly latched onto the breast. This is
why it is so important that the mother be shown, on the first day, how to
latch a baby on properly, by someone who knows what they are doing.
2. It is normal for breastfeeding to hurt.
Not true! Though some
tenderness during the first few days is relatively common, this should be a
temporary situation which lasts only a few days and should never be so bad that
the mother dreads nursing. Any pain that is more than mild is abnormal and is
almost always due to the baby latching on poorly. Any nipple pain that is not
getting better by day 3 or 4 or lasts beyond 5 or 6 days should not be ignored.
A new onset of pain when things have been going well for a while may be due to a
yeast infection of the nipples. Limiting feeding time does not prevent soreness.
(See handout #3 Sore Nipples).
3. There is no (not enough) milk during the first 3 or 4
days after birth.
Not true! It often seems
like that because the baby is not latched on properly and therefore is unable to
get the milk. Once the mother's milk is abundant, a baby can latch on poorly and
still may get plenty of milk. However, during the first few days, the baby who
is latched on poorly cannot get milk. This accounts for "but he's been on
the breast for 2 hours and is still hungry when I take him off". By not
latching on well, the baby is unable to get the mother's first milk, called
colostrum. Anyone who suggests you pump your milk to know how much colostrum
there is, does not understand breastfeeding, and should be politely ignored.
4. A baby should be on the breast 20 (10, 15, 7.6) minutes
on each side.
Not true! However, a
distinction needs to be made between "being on the breast" and
"breastfeeding". If a baby is actually drinking for most
of 15-20 minutes on the first side, he may not want to take the second side at
all. If he drinks only a minute on the first side, and then nibbles or sleeps,
and does the same on the other, no amount of time will be enough. The baby will
breastfeed better and longer if he is latched on properly. He can also be
helped to breastfeed longer if the mother compresses the breast to keep the flow
of milk going, once he no longer swallows on his own (Handout #15 Breast
Compression). Thus it is obvious that the rule of thumb that "the baby
gets 90% of the milk in the breast in the first 10 minutes" is equally
hopelessly wrong.
5. A breastfeeding baby needs extra water in hot weather.
Not true! Breastmilk
contains all the water a baby needs.
6. Breastfeeding babies need extra vitamin D.
Not true! Except in
extraordinary circumstances (for example, if the mother herself was vitamin D
deficient during the pregnancy). The baby stores vitamin D during the pregnancy,
and a little outside exposure, on a regular basis, gives the baby all the
vitamin D he needs.
7. A mother should wash her nipples each time before
feeding the baby.
Not true! Formula feeding
requires careful attention to cleanliness because formula not only does not
protect the baby against infection, but also is actually a good breeding ground
for bacteria and can also be easily contaminated. On the other hand, breastmilk
protects the baby against infection. Washing nipples before each feeding makes
breastfeeding unnecessarily complicated and washes away protective oils from the
nipple.
8. Pumping is a good way of knowing how much milk the
mother has.
Not true! How much milk can
be pumped depends on many factors, including the mother's stress level. The baby
who nurses well can get much more milk than his mother can pump. Pumping
only tells you have much you can pump.
9. Breastmilk does not contain enough iron for the baby's
needs.
Not true! Breastmilk
contains just enough iron for the baby's needs. If the baby is full term he will
get enough iron from breastmilk to last him at least the first 6 months.
Formulas contain too much iron, but this quantity may be necessary to
ensure the baby absorbs enough to prevent iron deficiency. The iron in
formula is poorly absorbed, and most of it, the baby poops out.
Generally, there is no need to add other foods to breastmilk before about 6
months of age.
10. It is easier to bottle feed than to breastfeed.
Not true! Or, this should
not be true. However, breastfeeding is made difficult because women often do not
receive the help they should to get started properly. A poor start can indeed
make breastfeeding difficult. But a poor start can also be overcome.
Breastfeeding is often more difficult at first, due to a poor start, but usually
becomes easier later.
11. Breastfeeding ties the mother down.
Not true! But it depends how you look at it. A baby
can be nursed anywhere, anytime, and thus breastfeeding is liberating for
the mother. No need to drag around bottles or formula. No need to worry about
where to warm up the milk. No need to worry about sterility. No need to worry
about how your baby is, because he is with you.
12. There is no way to know how much breastmilk the baby
is getting.
Not true! There is no easy
way to measure how much the baby is getting, but this does not mean that
you cannot know if the baby is getting enough. The best way to know is that the
baby actually drinks at the breast for several minutes at each feeding (open—pause—close
type of suck). Other ways also help show that the baby is getting plenty
(Handout #4 Is my Baby getting enough milk?).
13. Modern formulas are almost the same as breastmilk.
Not true! The same claim was
made in 1900 and before. Modern formulas are only superficially similar to
breastmilk. Every correction of a deficiency in formulas is advertised as
an advance. Fundamentally they are inexact copies based on outdated and incomplete
knowledge of what breastmilk is. Formulas contain no antibodies, no living
cells, no enzymes, no hormones. They contain much more aluminum, manganese,
cadmium and iron than breastmilk. They contain significantly more protein than
breastmilk. The proteins and fats are fundamentally different from those in
breastmilk. Formulas do not vary from the beginning of the feed to the end of
the feed, or from day 1 to day 7 to day 30, or from woman to woman, or from baby
to baby... Your breastmilk is made as required to suit your baby.
Formulas are made to suit every baby, and thus no baby. Formulas succeed
only at making babies grow well, usually, but there is more to breastfeeding
than getting the baby to grow quickly.
14. If the mother has an infection she should stop
breastfeeding.
Not true! With very, very
few exceptions, the baby will be protected by the mother's continuing to
breastfeed. By the time the mother has fever (or cough, vomiting, diarrhea,
rash, etc) she has already given the baby the infection, since she has been
infectious for several days before she even knew she was sick. The baby's best
protection against getting the infection is for the mother to continue
breastfeeding. If the baby does get sick, he will be less sick if the mother
continues breastfeeding. Besides, maybe it was the baby who gave the infection
to the mother, but the baby did not show signs of illness because he was
breastfeeding. Also, breast infections, including breast abscess, though
painful, are not reasons to stop breastfeeding. Indeed, the infection is likely
to settle more quickly if the mother continues breastfeeding on the affected
side. (Handout #9 You can still breastfeed).
15. If the baby has diarrhea or vomiting, the mother
should stop breastfeeding.
Not true! The best medicine
for a baby's gut infection is breastfeeding. Stop other foods for a short time,
but continue breastfeeding. Breastmilk is the only fluid your baby
requires when he has diarrhea and/or vomiting, except under exceptional
circumstances. The push to use "oral rehydrating solutions" is mainly
a push by the formula (and oral rehydrating solutions)manufacturers to make even
more money. The baby is comforted by the breastfeeding, and the mother is
comforted by the baby's breastfeeding. (Handout #9 You can still
breastfeed).
16. If the mother is taking medicine she should not
breastfeed.
Not true! There are very
very few medicines that a mother cannot take safely while breastfeeding. A very
small amount of most medicines appears in the milk, but usually in such small
quantities that there is no concern. If a medicine is truly of concern, there
are usually equally effective, alternative medicines which are safe. The loss of
benefit of breastfeeding for both the mother and the baby must be taken into
account when weighing if breastfeeding should be continued (Handout #9 You
can still breastfeed).
May be copied and distributed without
further permission
Handout #11. Some Breastfeeding Myths.
Revised January 1998
Written by Jack Newman, MD, FRCPC
