More Breastfeeding Myths
1. A breastfeeding mother has to be obsessive about what
she eats.
Not true! A breastfeeding mother should try to eat a
balanced diet, but neither needs to eat any special foods nor avoid certain
foods. A breastfeeding mother does not need to drink milk in order to make milk.
A breastfeeding mother does not need to avoid spicy foods, garlic, cabbage or
alcohol. A breastfeeding mother should eat a normal healthful diet. Although
there are situations when something the mother eats may affect the baby,
this is unusual. Most commonly, "colic", "gassiness" and
crying can be improved by changing breastfeeding techniques, rather than
changing the mother's diet. (Handout #2 Colic in the breastfed baby).
2. A breastfeeding mother has to eat more in order to make
enough milk.
Not true! Women on even very low calorie diets usually
make enough milk, at least until the mother's calorie intake becomes critically
low for a prolonged period of time. Generally, the baby will get what he needs.
Some women worry that if they eat poorly for a few days this also will affect
their milk. There is no need for concern. Such variations will not affect milk
supply or quality. It is commonly said that women need to eat 500 extra calories
a day in order to breastfeed. This is not true. Some women do eat more
when they breastfeed, but others do not, and some even eat less, without any
harm done to the mother or baby or the milk supply. The mother should eat a
balanced diet dictated by her appetite. Rules about eating just make
breastfeeding unnecessarily complicated.
3. A breastfeeding mother has to drink lots of fluids.
Not true! The mother should drink according to her thirst.
Some mothers feel they are thirsty all the time, but many others do not drink
more than usual. The mother's body knows if she needs more fluids, and tells her
by making her feel thirsty. Do not believe that you have to drink at least a
certain number of glasses a day. Rules about drinking just make breastfeeding
unnecessarily complicated.
4. A mother who smokes is better not to breastfeed.
Not true! A mother who cannot stop smoking should
breastfeed. Breastfeeding has been shown to decrease the negative effects of
cigarette smoke on the baby's lungs, for example. Breastfeeding confers great
health benefits on both mother and baby. It would be better if the mother not
smoke, but if she cannot stop or cut down, then it is better she smoke and
breastfeed than smoke and formula feed.
5. A mother should not drink alcohol while breastfeeding.
Not true! Reasonable alcohol intake should not be
discouraged at all. As is the case with most drugs, very little alcohol comes
out in the milk. The mother can take some alcohol and continue breastfeeding as
she normally does. Prohibiting alcohol is another way we make life unnecessarily
restrictive for nursing mothers.
6. A mother who bleeds from her nipples should not
breastfeed.
Not true! Though blood makes the baby spit up more, and
the blood may even show up in his bowel movements, this is not a reason to stop
breastfeeding the baby. Nipples that are painful and bleeding are not worse than
nipples that are painful and not bleeding. It is the pain the mother is having
that is the problem. This nipple pain can often be helped considerably. Get
help. (Handout #3 Sore Nipples). Sometimes mothers have bleeding from the
nipples that is obviously coming from inside the breast and is not usually
associated with pain. This often occurs in the first few days after birth and
settles within a few days. The mother should breastfeed! If bleeding does not
stop soon, the source of the problem needs to be investigated, but the mother
should keep breastfeeding.
7. A woman who has had breast augmentation surgery cannot
breastfeed.
Not true! Most do very well. There is no evidence that
breastfeeding with silicone implants is harmful to the baby. Occasionally this
operation is done through the areola. These women do have problems with milk
supply, as does any woman who has an incision around the areolar line.
8. A woman who has had breast reduction surgery cannot
breastfeed.
Not true! Breast reduction surgery does decrease the
mother's capacity to produce milk, but since many mothers produce more than
enough milk, mothers who have had breast reduction surgery sometimes manage very
well to breastfeed exclusively. In such a situation, the establishment of
breastfeeding should be done with special care to the principles mentioned in
the handout #1 Breastfeeding—Starting Out Right. However, if the mother
seems not to produce enough, she can still breastfeed, supplementing with a
lactation aid (so that artificial nipples do not interfere with breastfeeding).
9. Premature babies need to learn to take bottles before
they can start breastfeeding.
Not true! Premature babies are less stressed by
breastfeeding than by bottle feeding. A baby as small as 1200 grams and even
smaller can start at the breast as soon as he is stable, though he may not latch
on for several weeks. Still, he is learning and he is being held which is
important for his wellbeing and his mother's. Actually, weight or gestational
age do not matter as much as the baby's readiness to suck, as determined by his
making sucking movements. There is no more reason to give bottles to premature
babies than to full term babies. When supplementation is truly required there
are ways to supplement without using artificial nipples.
10. Babies with cleft lip and/or palate cannot breastfeed.
Not true! Some do very well. Babies with a cleft lip only
usually manage fine. But many babies do indeed find it impossible to latch on.
There is no doubt, however, that if breastfeeding is not tried, it will not
work. The baby's ability to breastfeed does not always seem to depend on the
severity of the cleft. Breastfeeding should be started, as much as
possible, using the principles of proper establishment of breastfeeding.
(Handout #1 Breastfeeding—Starting Out Right). If bottles are given,
they will undermine the baby's ability to breastfeed. If the baby needs to be
fed, but is not latching on, a cup can and should be used in preference to a
bottle. Finger feeding occasionally is successful in babies with cleft
lip/palate, but not usually.
11. Women with small breasts produce less milk than those
with large breasts.
Nonsense!
12. Breastfeeding does not provide any protection against
becoming pregnant.
Not true! It is not a foolproof method, but no method is.
In fact breastfeeding is not a bad method of child spacing, and gives reliable
protection especially during the first 6 months after birth. But it is reliable
only when breastfeeding is exclusive, when feedings are fairly frequent (at
least 6-8 times in 24 hours), there are no long periods during which the baby
does not feed, and the mother has not yet had a normal menstrual period after
giving birth. After the first six months, the protection is less, but still
present, and on average women breastfeeding into the second year of life will
have a baby every 2 to 3 years even without any artificial method of
contraception.
13. Breastfeeding women cannot take the birth control
pill.
Not true! The question is not exposure to female hormones,
to which the baby is exposed anyway through breastfeeding. The baby gets only a
tiny bit more from the pill. However, some women who take the pill, even the
mini-pill, find that their milk supply decreases. Œstrogen in the pill decrease
the milk supply. Because so many women produce more than enough, this often does
not matter, but sometimes it does and the baby becomes fussy and is not
satisfied by nursing. Babies respond to rate of flow of milk, not what's
"in the breast", so that even a very good milk supply may seem to
cause the baby who is used to faster flow to be fussy. Stopping the pill often
brings things back to normal. If possible, women who are breastfeeding should
avoid the pill until the baby is taking other foods (usually 4-6 months of age).
Even if the baby is older, the milk supply may decrease significantly. If the
pill must be used, it is preferable to use the progestin only pill (without œstrogen).
14. Breastfeeding babies need other types of milk after 6
months.
Not true! Breastmilk gives the baby everything there is in
other milks and more. Babies older than 6 months should be started on
solids mainly so that they learn how to eat and so that they begin to get
another source of iron, which by 7-9 months, is not supplied in sufficient
quantities from breastmilk alone. Thus cow's milk or formula will not be
necessary as long as the baby is breastfeeding. However, if the mother wishes to
give milk after 6 months, there is no reason that the baby cannot get cow's
milk, as long as the baby is still breastfeeding a few times a day, and is also
getting a wide variety of solid foods in more than minimal amounts. Most babies
older than 6 months who have never had formula will not accept it, because of
the taste.
May be copied and distributed without
further permission
Handout #12 More Breastfeeding Myths. Revised
January 1998
Written by Jack Newman, MD, FRCPC
