More and More Breastfeeding Myths
1. Nursing mothers cannot breastfeed if they have had
X-rays.
Not true! Regular X-rays such as a chest X-ray
or dental X-rays do not affect the milk or the baby and the mother may
nurse without concern. Mammograms are harder to read when the mother is
lactating, but can be done and the mother should not stop breastfeeding just to
get this done. There are other ways of investigating a breast lump. Newer
imaging methods such as CT scan and MRI scans are of no
concern, even if contrast is used. And special X-rays using contrast media? As
long as no radioactive isotope is used there is no concern and the mother should
not stop even for one feed. Herein are included studies such as intravenous
pyelogram, lymphangiogram, venogram, arteriogram, myelogram etc. What about
studies using radioactive nucleotides (bone scans, lung scans, etc.)? The
baby will get a little radioactive nucleotide. However, as we often do
these very same tests on children, even small babies, and the potential loss of
benefits if the mother stops breastfeeding are considerable, the mother should
continue breastfeeding. The exception is the thyroid scan. This
test must be avoided in breastfeeding mothers. There are many ways of
evaluating the thyroid, and only very occasionally does a thyroid scan truly
have to be done. Check first before taking the radioactive iodine—the test can
wait until you know for sure. In many cases where the scan must be done, it can
be put off for several months.
2. Breastfeeding mothers' milk can "dry up"
just like that.
Not true! Or if this can occur, it must be a rare
occurrence. Aside from day to day and morning to evening variations, milk
production does not change suddenly. There are changes which occur which may
make it seem as if milk production is suddenly much less:
- An increase in the needs of the baby, the so
called growth spurt. If this is the reason for the seemingly
insufficient milk, a few days of more frequent nursing will bring things
back to normal. Try compressing the breast with your hand to help the baby
get milk (Handout #15, Breast Compression).
- A change in the baby's behaviour. At about 5-6
weeks of age, more or less, babies who would fall asleep at the breast
when the flow of milk slowed down, tend to start pulling at the breast or
crying when the milk flow slows. The milk has not dried up, but the baby
has changed. Try compressing the breast with your hand to help the baby
get more milk.
- T
he mother's breasts
do not seem full or are soft. It is normal after a few weeks for the
mother no longer to have engorgement, or even fullness of the breasts. As
long as the baby is drinking at the breast, do not be concerned (see handout
4 Is my baby getting enough milk).
d) The baby breastfeeds less well.
This is often due to the baby being given bottles or pacifiers and thus learning
an inappropriate way of breastfeeding.
The birth control pill may decrease your milk
supply. Think about stopping the pill or changing to a progesterone only pill.
Or use other methods.
If the baby truly seems not to be getting enough, get
help, but do not introduce a bottle which will only make things worse. If
absolutely necessary, the baby can be supplemented, using a lactation aid which
will not interfere with breastfeeding. However, lots can be done before giving
supplements. Get help. Try compressing the breast with your hand to help the
baby get milk (Handout #15, Breast Compression).
3. Physicians know a lot about breastfeeding.
Not true! Obviously, there are exceptions. However,
very few physicians trained in North America or Western Europe learned anything
at all about breastfeeding in medical school. Even fewer learned about the practical
aspects of helping mothers start breastfeeding and helping them maintain
breastfeeding. After medical school, most of the information physicians get
regarding infant feeding comes from formula company representatives or
advertisements.
4. Pediatricians, at least, know a lot about
breastfeeding.
Not true! Obviously, there are exceptions. However,
in their post medical school training (residency), most pediatricians learned
nothing formally about breastfeeding, and what they picked up in passing was
often wrong. To many trainees in pediatrics, breastfeeding is seen as an
"obstacle to the good medical care" of hospitalized babies.
5. Formula company literature and free formula samples do
not influence whether or how long a mother breastfeeds.
Really? So why do the formula companies work so
hard to make sure that new mothers are given these samples, their
company's samples? Are these samples and the literature given out to encourage
breastfeeding? Is the cost of the samples and booklets taken on by formula
companies so that mothers will be encouraged to breastfeed longer? The companies
often argue that, if the mother does give formula, they want the mother to use
their brand. In competing with each other, the formula companies also compete
with breastfeeding. Did you believe that argument when the cigarette companies
used it?
6. Breastmilk given with formula may cause problems for
the baby.
Not true! Most breastfeeding mothers do not need to
use formula and when problems arise that seem to require artificial milk, often
the problems can be resolved without resorting to formula. However, when the
baby may require formula, there is no reason that breastmilk and formula cannot
be given together.
7. Babies who are breastfed on demand are likely to be
"colicky".
Not true! "Colicky" breastfed babies
often gain weight very quickly and sometimes are feeding frequently. However,
many are colicky not because they are feeding frequently, but because they do
not take the high fat milk as well as they should. Typically, the baby drinks
very well for the first few minutes, then nibbles or sleeps. When the baby is
offered the other side, he will drink well again for a short while and then
nibble or sleep. The baby will fill up with relatively low fat milk and thus
feed frequently. The taking in of mostly low fat milk may also result in gas,
crying and explosive watery bowel movements. The mother can urge the baby to
breastfeed longer on the first side, and thus get more higher fat milk, by
compressing the breast once the baby no longer actually swallows at the breast.
(Handouts #3 Colic in the breastfed baby and #15 Breast Compression).
8. Mothers who receive immunizations (tetanus, rubella,
hepatitis B, hepatitis A, etc.) should stop breastfeeding for 24 hours (3 days,
2 weeks).
Not true! Why shouldn't they? There is no risk for
the baby, and he may even benefit. The rare exception is the baby who has an
immune deficiency. In that case the mother should not receive an immunization
with a weakened live virus (e.g. oral, but not injectable polio, or measles,
mumps, rubella) even if the baby is being fed artificially.
9. There is no such thing as nipple confusion.
Not true! A baby who is only bottle fed for the
first two weeks of life, for example, will usually refuse to take the breast,
even if the mother has an abundant supply. A baby who has had only the breast
for 3 or 4 months is unlikely to take the bottle. Some babies prefer the right
or left breast to the other. Bottle fed babies often prefer one artificial
nipple to another. So there is such a thing as preferring one nipple to
another. The only question is how quickly it can occur. Given the right set of
circumstances, the preference can occur after one or two bottles. The baby
having difficulties latching on may never have had an artificial nipple, but the
introduction of an artificial nipple rarely improves the situation, and often
makes it much worse. Note that many who say there is no such thing as nipple
confusion also advise the mother to start a bottle early so that the baby will
not refuse it.
May be copied and distributed without
further permission
Handout #14. More and More Breastfeeding
Myths. Revised January 1998
Written by Dr. Jack Newman, MD, FRCPC
